[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.slovacon.sk\/geneticka-mutacia\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.slovacon.sk\/geneticka-mutacia\/","headline":"Genetick\u00e1 mut\u00e1cia","name":"Genetick\u00e1 mut\u00e1cia","description":"DNA je tvoren\u00e1 re\u0165azcami g\u00e9nov. Ich zlo\u017eenie a\u00a0usporiadanie je pevne dan\u00e9. Ak d\u00f4jde k\u00a0chybe v\u00a0g\u00e9ne, alebo v\u00a0zlo\u017een\u00ed DNA m\u00e1 to v\u00fdrazn\u00fd vplyv na \u010dloveka. V\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti od \u010dasu, kedy mut\u00e1cia vznikne z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed \u010di sa stane dedi\u010dnou a\u00a0m\u00f4\u017ee sa prenies\u0165 na \u010fal\u0161iu gener\u00e1ciu, alebo nie. Pokia\u013e d\u00f4jde k\u00a0mut\u00e1cii po\u010das produkcie pohlavn\u00fdch buniek m\u00f4\u017ee sa prenies\u0165 na die\u0165a....","datePublished":"2018-09-22","dateModified":"2018-09-22","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.slovacon.sk\/author\/#Person","name":"slovacon.sk\n","url":"https:\/\/www.slovacon.sk\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0dc285cbe86eecc8073f119fcb2e2c7032b51533f5bb47611c7d4a598558b8b7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0dc285cbe86eecc8073f119fcb2e2c7032b51533f5bb47611c7d4a598558b8b7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"slovacon.sk","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.slovacon.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a293681_w2039_t1542905867.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.slovacon.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a293681_w2039_t1542905867.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.slovacon.sk\/geneticka-mutacia\/","about":["Zdravie"],"wordCount":411,"articleBody":"DNA je tvoren\u00e1 re\u0165azcami g\u00e9nov. Ich zlo\u017eenie a\u00a0usporiadanie je pevne dan\u00e9. Ak d\u00f4jde k\u00a0chybe v\u00a0g\u00e9ne, alebo v\u00a0zlo\u017een\u00ed DNA m\u00e1 to v\u00fdrazn\u00fd vplyv na \u010dloveka.V\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti od \u010dasu, kedy mut\u00e1cia vznikne z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed \u010di sa stane dedi\u010dnou a\u00a0m\u00f4\u017ee sa prenies\u0165 na \u010fal\u0161iu gener\u00e1ciu, alebo nie. Pokia\u013e d\u00f4jde k\u00a0mut\u00e1cii po\u010das produkcie pohlavn\u00fdch buniek m\u00f4\u017ee sa prenies\u0165 na die\u0165a.Mut\u00e1cie g\u00e9novG\u00e9ny vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa bielkoviny, ktor\u00e9 v\u00a0organizme maj\u00fa dan\u00fa funkciu. Ak sa g\u00e9n po\u0161kod\u00ed, alebo zmutuje (patog\u00e9n) , zmen\u00ed sa aj typ bielkoviny a\u00a0jej funkcia. \u013dudsk\u00fd organizmus je vybaven\u00fd aj zbra\u0148ami proti tak\u00fdmto mut\u00e1ci\u00e1m. Repara\u010dn\u00e9 enz\u00fdmy dok\u00e1\u017eu mut\u00e1cie g\u00e9nov eliminova\u0165. Medzi najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ie repara\u010dn\u00e9 enz\u00fdmy patria antioxidanty. Sem tam, ale aj enz\u00fdmom nejak\u00e1 t\u00e1 mut\u00e1cia ujde a\u00a0nezbadaj\u00fa ju. N\u00e1sledne sa tieto mut\u00e1cie delia.Rozdelenie genetick\u00fdch mut\u00e1ci\u00ed\t\tSpont\u00e1nne \u2013 vznikn\u00fa n\u00e1hodne\t\tIndukovan\u00e9 \u2013 d\u00f4vod ich vzniku je zn\u00e1my.\t\tG\u00e9nov\u00e9 \u2013 mut\u00e1cia vznikne na jednom g\u00e9ne v\u00a0nukleotidovej sekvencii.\t\tGen\u00f3mov\u00e9 \u2013zmena po\u010dtu chromoz\u00f3movMedzi naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa objavuj\u00face mut\u00e1cie patriaDownov syndr\u00f3m\u2013 pri tejto mut\u00e1cii je chyba na 21. chromoz\u00f3ne, kde miesto dvojice chromoz\u00f3mov je trojica (dokopy ich je 47 miesto 46). Nadbyto\u010dn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 sa navonok prejav\u00ed zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm IQ, vroden\u00fdmi srdcov\u00fdmi chybami, spomalen\u00fdm v\u00fdvojom motoriky, zhor\u0161enou funkciou \u0161t\u00edtnej \u017e\u013eazy, sklonom k\u00a0leuk\u00e9mii. Zistilo sa, \u017ee tento syndr\u00f3m m\u00e1 s\u00favislos\u0165 s\u00a0vekom matky. \u010c\u00edm star\u0161ia je prvorodi\u010dka t\u00fdm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie je riziko prepuknutia Downovho syndr\u00f3mu u\u00a0die\u0165a\u0165a. Po 40 \u2013 tom roku prvorodi\u010dky je riziko 1:110.Marfanov syndr\u00f3m\u2013 pri tomto syndr\u00f3me sa mut\u00e1cia nach\u00e1dza na 15 \u2013 tom chromoz\u00f3me. Tento chromoz\u00f3m vytv\u00e1ra fibril\u00edn, ktor\u00fd sa podie\u013ea na funk\u010dnosti spojivov\u00e9ho tkaniva. Postihuje takmer cel\u00fd organizmus hlavne kosti, ko\u017eu, srdce, cievy p\u013e\u00faca a\u00a0o\u010di. Aj ke\u010f sa na tejto mut\u00e1cii podie\u013ea dedi\u010dnos\u0165 (a\u017e 75%) m\u00f4\u017ee sa objavi\u0165 aj n\u00e1hodne. Existuje s\u00favislos\u0165 medzi otcom a\u00a0die\u0165a\u0165om s\u00a0mut\u00e1ciou tohto chromoz\u00f3mu. \u010c\u00edm je otec star\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e splod\u00ed prv\u00e9 die\u0165a t\u00fdm je mo\u017enos\u0165 mut\u00e1cie vy\u0161\u0161ia.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.2\/5 - (10 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Genetick\u00e1 mut\u00e1cia","item":"https:\/\/www.slovacon.sk\/geneticka-mutacia\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]